بررسی عوامل موثر بر نوسانات سطح آب زیرزمینی در محدوده آنومالی‌های غربی معدن سنگ آهن سنگان

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

2 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

3 پژوهشگر، آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی MEHR، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

چکیده

جهت طراحی سیستم زهکشی مناسب در یک معدن روباز، به شناخت دقیق شرایط هیدروژئولوژیکی و عوامل موثر بر وضعیت آب‌های زیرزمینی منطقه معدنی نیاز است. از عوامل مهم برای بررسی شرایط هیدروژئولوژیکی یک منطقه معدنی، شناخت وضعیت حوضه آبریز، تغییرات زمانی و مکانی سطح پیزومتریک و دامنه اختلالات ناشی از فعالیت‌های معدنکاری، شرایط جوی و وضعیت تکتونیکی منطقه است. شرایط هیدرولوژیکی و هیدروژئولوژیکی معدن روباز سنگ آهن سنگان نیز متاثر از عوامل جوی مانند بارش و عوامل تکتونیکی شامل تعداد گسل‌ها و روند ‌آن‌ها، فواصل و ارتباط آن‌ها با یکدیگر است. بر این اساس در این تحقیق، تاثیر عوامل مختلف شامل میزان بارندگی، آبراهه‌ها، وضعیت تکتونیک و گسل‌های منطقه و گسترش پیت معدن در طول دوره بهره‌برداری بر نوسانات سطح آب زیرزمینی حوضه آبریز منطقه معدنی سنگ آهن سنگان ارزیابی شد. با بررسی نوسانات سطح پیزومتریک ناشی از این عوامل در دوره زمانی اسفند 1389 تا اسفند 1392 و تحلیل نمودارها و نقشه‌ها مشخص شد که از بین عوامل یاد شده، گسترش پیت آنومالی Cn بیشترین تاثیر را بر افت سطح پیزومتریک آنومالی‌های غربی منطقه سنگان دارد. با ترسیم نمودار همبستگی بین فاصله از پیت و تغییرات تراز آب زیرزمینی مناطق مجاور آنومالی Cn و به دست آمدن ضریب همبستگی حدود 94%، مشخص گردید که شعاع تاثیر گسترش این پیت بر تغییر تراز آب زیرزمینی مناطق مجاور حدود 700 متر است. همچنین، مشخص شد که عواملی همچون میزان بارندگی، وضعیت آبراهه‌ها و وضعیت تکتونیک به طور مستقیم بر نوسانات سطح آب زیرزمینی آنومالی‌های غربی تاثیر چندانی نمی‌گذارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Investigation of Effective Factors on Groundwater Level Fluctuations in Western Anomalies of Sangan Iron Ore Mine

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Safari 1
  • F. Doulati Ardejani 2 3
  • S. Maghsoudy 3
1 Ph.D Student, Dept. of Mining, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Dept. of Mining, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Researcher, Mine Environment and Hydrogeology Research Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to design an appropriate dewatering system in an open pit mine, it is necessary to know the hydrogeological conditions and factors affecting the condition of groundwater in the mining area. One of the important factors for investigating the hydrogeological conditions of a mining site is to know the status of the catchment area, temporal and spatial changes of the piezometric levels and the range of disturbances caused by mining activities, climate conditions and the tectonic state of the mining area. The hydrological and hydrogeological conditions of Sangan iron mine are also affected by climate factors such as precipitation and tectonic factors including the number of faults and their trends, their distances and their relationship with each other. Therefore, in this study, the influence of various factors including precipitation, distance from waterways, tectonic status and faults, and the pit development during the exploitation period on the fluctuation of groundwater were investigated. By examining the fluctuations of the piezometric levels caused by these factors in the period from March 2011 to March 2014 and statistical analysis of the results, it was found that among the affecting factors, the Cn-pit expansion has the greatest effect on the groundwater level fluctuation of the western anomalies of Sangan mine. By drawing the ccorrelation diagram between the distance from Cn-Pit and the groundwater level drop of observation piezometers of the nearby areas of the Cn-pit, and obtaining a coefficient of determination equal to 0.94 (R2=0.94), it was found that the radius of the influence of the Cn-pit expansion on the changes in the groundwater level of the adjacent areas is about 700 meters. In addition, it was found that the amount of precipitation and the distance from the waterways do not have a significant effect on the groundwater level fluctuations in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pit development
  • Tectonics and faults
  • Mining activities
  • Catchment area
  • Sangan iron mine

مراجع

  1. Morton, K. L., and Van Mekerk, F. A. (1993). “A phased approach to mine dewatering”. Mine Water and the Environment, 12: 27-33.
  2. Doulati Ardejani, F., Baafi, E. Y., and Shafaei, S. Z. (2007). “Modelling of groundwater recovery process for prediction of land settlement in surface mines”. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 21(4): 271-281.
  3. Golestanifar, M., and Ahangari, K. (2012). “Choosing an optimal groundwater lowering technique for open pit mines”. Mine Water and the Environment, 31(3): 192-198.
  4. Preene, M. (2015). “Techniques and developments in quarry and surface mine dewatering”. In Proceedings of the 18th Extractive Industry Geology Conference 2014 and Technical Meeting 2015, EIG Conferences Ltd, London, 194-206.
  5. Fernández-Álvarez, J. P., Álvarez-Álvarez, L., and Díaz-Noriega, R. (2016). “Groundwater numerical simulation in an open pit mine in a limestone formation using MODFLOW”. Mine Water and the Environment, 35(2): 145-155.
  6. Beale, G. and Read, J. (2014). “Guide line S for Evaluating Water in Pit Slope Stability”. CSIRO Publishing.
  7. Fernandez-Rubio, R., and Lorca, D. F. (1993). “Mine water drainage”. Mine Water and the Environment, 12(1): 107-130.
  8. Doulati Ardejani, F., Singh, R. N., Baafi, E., and Porter, I. (2003a). “A finite element model to: 1. predict groundwater inflow to surface mining excavations”. Mine Water and the Environment, 22(1): 31-38.
  9. Miao, X., Li, S., Chen, Z., and Liu, W. (2011). “Experimental study of seepage properties of broken sandstone under different porosities”. Transport in Porous Media, 86(3): 805-814.
  10. Bai, H., Ma, D., and Chen, Z. (2013). “Mechanical behavior of groundwater seepage in karst collapse pillars”. Engineering Geology, 164: 101-106.
  11. Ma, D., Miao, X. X., Jiang, G. H., Bai, H. B., and Chen, Z. Q. (2014). “An experimental investigation of permeability measurement of water flow in crushed rocks”. Transport in Porous Media, 105(3): 571-595.
  12. Ma, D., Bai, H., and Wang, Y. (2015). “Mechanical behavior of a coal seam penetrated by a karst collapse pillar: mining-induced groundwater inrush risk”. Natural Hazards, 75(3): 2137-2151.
  13. Yihdego, Y., and Drury, L. (2016). “Mine dewatering and impact assessment in an arid area: Case of Gulf region”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(11): 1-13.
  14. Chen, L., Du, W., He, Y., Wang, Q., Zhao, W., and Cao, Z. (2022). “The influence characteristics of open-pit coal mining on groundwater level in Baorixile”. Preprints. DOI: 10.20944/preprints202202.0016.v1.
  15. Venencio, M. V. (2002). “Climate variability and ground water resources, in Sixth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography”. In: Proceedings of Long Beach, Calif., American Meteorological Society, February 2002, 142-144.
  16. Hanson, R. T., Martin, P., and Koczot, K. M. (2003). “Simulation of ground-water/surface-water flow in the Santa Clara–Calleguas ground-water basin, Ventura County, California”. U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4136.
  17. Hanson, R. T., Newhouse, M. W., and Dettinger, M. D. (2004). “A methodology to assess relations between climatic variability and variations in hydrologic time series in the southwestern United States”. Journal of Hydrology, 287(1-4): 252-269.
  18. Hanson, R. T., Dettinger, M. D., and Newhouse, M. W. (2006). “Relations between climatic variability and hydrologic time series from four alluvial basins across the southwestern United States”. Hydrogeology Journal, 14(7): 1122-1146.
  19. Gardner, P. M., and Heilweil, V. M. (2009). “Evaluation of the effects of precipitation on ground-water levels from wells in selected alluvial aquifers in Utah and Arizona, 1936–2005”. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5242.
  20.  Naderianfar, M., Ansari, H., Ziaie, A., and Davary, K. (2011). “Evaluating the groundwater level fluctuations under different climatic conditions in the basin Neyshabour”. Irrigation and Water Engineering, 1(3): 22-37.
  21. Rezaee Banafshe, M., Jalali, T. (2017). “Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Level in Tasuj Basin”. Geography and Planning, 21(60): 143-160.
  22. Qi, P., Zhang, G., Xu, Y. J., Wang, L., Ding, C., and Cheng, C. (2018). “Assessing the influence of precipitation on shallow groundwater table response using a combination of singular value decomposition and cross-wavelet approaches”. Water, 10(5): 598.
  23. Kotchoni, D. O., Vouillamoz, J. M., Lawson, F., Adjomayi, P., Boukari, M., and Taylor, R. G. (2019). “Relationships between rainfall and groundwater recharge in seasonally humid Benin: a comparative analysis of long-term hydrographs in sedimentary and crystalline aquifers”. Hydrogeology Journal, 27(2): 447-457.
  24. Cui, Y., Liao, Z., Wei, Y., Xu, X., Song, Y., and Liu, H. (2020). “The response of groundwater level to climate change and human activities in Baotou city, China”. Water, 12(4): 1078.
  25. Salo, H., Salla, A., and Koivusalo, H. (2021). “Seasonal effects of controlled drainage on field water balance and groundwater levels”. Hydrology Research, 52(6): 1633-1647.
  26. Azizi, H., Ebrahimi, H., Mohammad Vali Samani, H., and Khaki, V. (2021). “Evaluating the effects of climate change on groundwater level in the Varamin plain”. Water Supply, 21(3): 1372-1384.
  27. Kong, F., Xu, W., Mao, R., and Liang, D. (2022). “Dynamic changes in groundwater level under climate changes in the Gnangara region, Western Australia”. Water, 14(2): 162.
  28. Shah, S. M. S., O’connell, P. E., and Hosking, J. R. M. (1996). “Modelling the effects of spatial variability in rainfall on catchment response. 2. Experiments with distributed and lumped models”. Journal of Hydrology, 175(1-4): 89-111.
  29. Francisco, N. C., Rego, F. C., Gracasaraiva, M. D., and Ramos, I. (1998). “Coupling GIS with hydrologic and hydraulic flood modelling”. Water Resources Management, 12(3): 229-249.
  30. Donker, N. H. W. (2001). “A simple rainfall–runoff model based on hydrological units applied to the Teba catchment (south‐east Spain)”. Hydrological Processes, 15(1): 135-149.
  31. Hundecha, Y., Bardossy, A., and Werner, H. W. (2001). “Development of a fuzzy logic-based rainfall-runoff model”. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 46(3): 363-376.
  32. Travaglia, C., and Ammer, O. (1998). “Groundwater exploration by satellite remote sensing on the Syrian Arab Republic”. Technical Report, FAO, TCP/SYR/6611, pp. 33.
  33. Ahmed, M. (1996). “Lineaments as groundwater exploration guides in hard-rock terranes of arid regions”. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(1): 108-116.
  34. Lippmann, M. J., Truesdell, A. H., and Pruess, K. (2000). “The control of fault on the hydrology of the Cerro Prieto III area”. Twenty-Fifth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 24-26, SGP-TR-165.
  35. Medel, A. C., and Armienta, M. A. (2004). “Influence of faulting on groundwater quality in Valle del Mezquital, Mexico”. Geofísica Internacional, 43(3): 477-493.
  36. Al-Taj, M. (2008). “Structural control on groundwater distribution and flow in Irbid area, North Jordan”. The Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences (JJEES), 1(2): 81-88.
  37. Hernandez-Marin, M., and Burbey, T. J. (2012). “Fault-controlled deformation and stress from pumping-induced groundwater flow”. Journal of Hydrology, 428: 80-93.
  38. Elhag, A. B., and Elzien, S. M. (2013). “Structures controls on groundwater occurrence and flow in crystalline bedrocks: a case study of the El Obeid area, Western Sudan”. Global Advanced Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology, 2(2): 037-046.
  39. Lin, L., Lin, H., Xu, Y., Ntuli, T., and Mahlangu, F. (2015). “Impact of fault structures on the occurrence of groundwater in fractured rock aquifers”. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, WRC Report No 2053/1/14.
  40. Kiani, T., and Yousefi, Z. (2017). “Effect of active faults in the groundwater level of Shaharchay basin in Urmia”. Journal of Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences, 17(47): 61-75.
  41. Ammar, A. I., and Kamal, K. A. (2018). “Resistivity method contribution in determining of fault zone and hydro-geophysical characteristics of carbonate aquifer, eastern desert, Egypt”. Applied Water Science, 8(1): 1-27.
  42. Mehrabi, A., and Pourkhosravani, M. (2019). “Relationship between Groundwater Resources and Quaternary Faults of Sirjan Plain Using Weight of Evidence Method”. Geographical Research, 34(2): 132.
  43. Fronzi, D., Mirabella, F., Cardellini, C., Caliro, S., Palpacelli, S., Cambi, C., Valigi, D., and Tazioli, A. (2021). “The role of faults in groundwater circulation before and after seismic events: insights from tracers, water isotopes and geochemistry”. Water, 13(11): pp. 1499.
  44. رضایی، ع.، حسنی، ح.، معارف وند، پ.، گل محمدی، ع.؛ 1398؛ "بررسی تاثیر الگوی ساختاری منطقه شمال شرق ایران بر مدل کانی زایی آهن در آنومالی C شمالی سنگ آهن سنگان". نشریه مهندسی منابع معدنی، دوره چهارم، شماره 2، ص 22-1.
  45. Winter, T. C., Harvey, J. W., Franke, O. L., and Alley, W. M. (1998). “Ground water and surface water a single resource”. U.S. Geological Survey Circular, 11-39.
  46. Zhou, Y., Dong, D., Liu, J., and Li, W. (2013). “Upgrading a regional groundwater level monitoring network for Beijing Plain, China”. Geoscience Frontiers, 4(1): 127-138.
  47. Haque, E., Reza, S., and Ahmed, R. (2018). “Assessing the vulnerability of groundwater due to open pit coal mining using DRASTIC model: a case study of Phulbari Coal Mine, Bangladesh”. Geosciences Journal, 22(2): 359-371.
  48. Islam, M., Van Camp, M., Hossain, D., Sarker, M., Rahman, M., Khatun, S., and Walraevens, K. (2021). “Impacts of large-scale groundwater exploitation based on long-term evolution of hydraulic heads in Dhaka city, Bangladesh”. Water, 13(10): pp. 1357.
  49. Dong, S., Feng, H., Xia, M., Li, Y., Wang, C., and Wang, L. (2020). “Spatial–temporal evolutions of groundwater environment in prairie opencast coal mine area: a case study of Yimin Coal Mine, China”. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42(10): 3101-3118.
  50. Chunhu, Z., Dewu, J., Qiangmin, W., Hao, W., Zhixue, L., Xiaolong, S., Mingpei, L., and Shaofeng, W. (2021). “Water inflow characteristics of coal seam mining aquifer in Yushen mining area, China”. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(4): 1-12.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 بهمن 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار